Continuous Hierarchies and Discrete Castes ( Vol. 19, No. 47, Nov. 24, 1984) EPW

Continuous Hierarchies and Discrete Castes

Continuous Hierarchies and Discrete Castes (Vo.l 19, No. 48, Dec. 1, 1984) EPW

Continuous Hierarchies and Discrete Castes

Continuous Hierarchies and Discrete Castes (Vol. 19, No. 46, Nov. 17, 1984 ) EPW

Continuous Hierarchies and Discrete Castes

Notes on my Brahmin Self' in Insight: Young voices of Dalit assertion

'Notes on my Brahmin Self' in Insight: Young voices of Dalit assertion

EVOLUTIONARY THEORY

The theory of evolution by natural selection, first formulated in Darwin's book "On the Origin of Species" in 1859, is the process by which organisms change over time as a result of changes in heritable physical or behavioral traits.

What is Charles Darwin theory of evolution?

Charles Darwin & Evolution. Natural Selection. Natural selection is Darwin's most famous theory; it states that evolutionary change comes through the production of variation in each generation and differential survival of individuals with different combinations of these variable characters.

When was Darwin 's theory of evolution?

Darwin's theory of evolution. Charles Darwin was an English naturalist who studied variation in plants and animals during a five-year voyage around the world in the 19th century. He explained his ideas on evolution in a book called, 'On the Origin of Species', published in 1859.

What is the theory of natural selection?

Darwin's Theory of Evolution by Natural Selection. More individuals are produced each generation that can survive. Phenotypic variation exists among individuals and the variation is heritable. Those individuals with heritable traits better suited to the environment will survive.

Who invented the theory of evolution?

Early Theories of Evolution: Darwin and Natural Selection. Most educated people in Europe and the Americas during the 19th century had their first full exposure to the concept of evolution through the writings of Charles Darwin . Clearly, he did not invent the idea.

INDIAN HISTORY

1. Who denounced Indian National Congress as a 'microscopic minority' ? - Lord Dufferin
2. Name the founder of the first women's university established at Pune - D.K Karve
3. The Chauri- Chaura incident was in: - 1922
4. Who put forward the fourteen points in 1929 ? - Muhammadali Jinnah
5. Name the leader of the Chittagong armoury raid of 1930 ? - Suryasen
6. How many delegates participated in the first session of the Indian National Congress ? - 72
7. Name the organising secretary of the Home rule league of Mrs. Annie Besant ? - Arun Dale
8. The viceroy who revoked the partition of Bengal : - Lord Hardinge II
9. Who is called as the 'father of Indian Unrest' ? - Bala Gangadhara Tilak
10. Mahatma Gandhi's first satyagraha in India was at: Champaran
11. The first mass struggle organised by the I.N.C under the leadership of Gandhiji: Non-Co-operation Movement
12. Name the founder of the publication, 'comrade' - Muhammadali
13. Who helped Motilal Nehru to prepare the Nehru Report ? - Tej Bahadur Sapru
14. The congress session which decided to observe 26th January as Independence Day - Lahore Session of 1929
15. Gandhiji and his followers violated the salt law on: - April 6th, 1930 
16. Name the leader of the No changers of the I.N.C in the Gaya session of 1922: - C.Rajagopalachari
17. Who is called as the Rani of Nagas ? - Rani Gaidilin
18. The British Government issued the white paper in: -1933
19. Who moved the Quit India resolution ? - Jawaharlal Nehru
20. Indian National Congress started the individual satyagraha in: -1940
21. Who was the president of the cabinet mission ? - Pethic Lawrence
22. What is callled as 'August Revolution' ? - Quit India Movement 
23. Who was selected as the head of the National Planning Committee of I.N.C. set up in 1938 ? - Jawaharlal Nehru
24. The headquarters of the provisional Government of free India set up by Subhash Chandra Bose: - Singapore
25. Who coined the word 'Pakistan' ? - Rahmat Ali
26. Who Called Subhash Chandra Bose 'Netaji' ? - I.N.A Soldiers
27. I.N.A was formed in: -1942
28. Who was the first to offer the individual satyagraha ? -Vinoba Bhave
29. The Direct Action Day of the Muslim League was in: - 1946
30. Name the Grand old man of south India ? - G. Subrahmanyam Iyer
31. The states reorganising commission was headed by: - Dr.Fazl Ali
32. The first unilingual state in India - Andhra Pradesh
33. Name the first South Indian President of the I.N.C. - Ananda Charlue
34. Identify the leader not participated in the first session of the I.N.C. - S.N Banerjee
35. When did Gandhiji return the kaiser-i-Hind award to the British ? -1919
36. Name the founder of the Navajeevan Trust - Mahatma Gandhi
37. Who was the first woman graduate of Calcutta University ? - Kedambini Ganguly
38. Name the father of Indian Economics - Dadabhai Naoroji
39. Mahatma Gandhi wrote his autobiography in: Gujarati
40. The Congress Socialist Party was formed in - 1934
41. Name the first Indian to be elected to the leadership of Communist International - M.N Roy
42. C. Sankaran Nair became the president of the Indian National Congress in 1897 at: - Amravati
43. Name the viceroy of India during the Jallian walabagh massacre. - Lord Chelmsford
44. Who put forward the safety- Valve theory of Indian National Congress ? - Lalalajpath Roy
45. Hindustan Socialist Republican Association was formed in: - 1928
46. Who ran the congress radio during the Quit India Movement ? - Usha Mehta
47. Bhoodan Movement was started in: - 1951
48. Who is called as the 'Nightingale of India' ? Sarojini Naidu
49. Sevagram Ashram is situated in: - Maharashtra
50. The viceroy who introduced Financial Decentralisation in India: - Lord Mayo

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INDIA UNDER COLONIAL PERIOD

1. ------ was recommended a proper scheme of education from the primary school to the university for the whole of British India - Sir Charles Wood
2. Surat split was in the year  -  1907
3. The book Indian war of Independence published in London in 1909, was written by - V D Savarkar
4. For the acceptance of a scheme of constitutional reforms, congress- league pact was in the year -1916
5. By the act of 1858, the Governor General as representing the Crown become known as - Viceroy
6. The first Indian state to be annexed under doctrine of lapse - Satara
7. The policy of financial devolution was initiated by -  Lord Mayo
8. The Second Anglo Maratha war took place in the year  - 1802-03
9. The Vernacular Press Act was passed in the year - 1878
10. The third Anglo Maratha war took place in the period - 1817-18
11. The Vernacular Press Act was introduced by - Lord Lytton
12. The first three universities in India - Calcutta, Bombay and Madras were established in the year - 1857
13. The Jalianwala Bagh massacre occurred in - 13 April 1919
14. The firs railway line connecting Bombay to Thane was laid down in the year - 1853
15. The British parliament passed the Govt of India act of 1919 on the basis of the report on constitutional reform prepared by Montagu which is popularly known as  - Montagu-Chelmsford reforms
16. -------- may be regarded as the father of electric telegraph in India - Lord Dalhousie
17. In support of Khilafat Movement, Gandhi launched a program in August 1920 called - Non-cooperation movement
18. From which year onwards May Day come to be observed in India regularly - 1927
19. Chauri-chaura incident was in the year - 1922
20. The Civil Disobedience movement started with Gandhi's famous ---------- march - Dandy March
21. M N Roy one of the founder of Indian communism, his original name was - Narendranath Bhattacharya
22. --------- movement initiated by E V Ramaswamy Naikkar in Tamilnadu - Self respect movement
23. In the -----  case Bhagat Singh, Raj Guru and Sukh Dev were later sentenced to death - Lahore Conspiracy Case
24. Which award announced by the British Prime Minister Ramsay Mac Donald in 1932 - Communal award
25. With the assistance of Japanese authority Subhas Chandra Bose formed ------ to conduct a military campaign for the liberation of India - Azad Hind Fauj
26. The Ahmedabad Textile Labor Association founded by ------- in 1918 - Gandhiji
27. All India Trade Union Congress (AITUC) formed on  -  1920
28. Who was organised a Hindu Political Organisation called Hindu Mahasabha at Haridwar in 1915 - Madan Mohan Malavya
29. The council Act of 1909 popularly known as - Minto Morley reforms
30. The Ghadar Party was organised in 1913 by Indian Revolutionaries headed by -  Hardayal, Taraknath Das and Sohan Singh Bhakna in USA
31. The head Quarters of Ghadar party was - San Francisco
32. Hind Swaraj (Indian home rule league) a booklet written by - Mahatma Gandhi
33. Gandhijis -------- program was a practical expression of his idea of Swaraj - Constructive program
34. ------ better known as Jalianwala bagh massacre - Amritsar tragedy
35. Regualtion no --------- of December 1829 declared the practice of Sati or burying alive of widows illegal and punishable - Regualtion no. XVII
36. Subhas Chandra Bose, was known by the name----- - Netaji
37. The Brahma Samaj was established by Raja Ram Mohan Roy on August 20, 1828 at ------ -Calcutta
38. After the failure of Cripps mission, Stafford Cripps left India on - 1942 April
39. Adi Brahma Samaj was established by - Devendranath Tagore
40. Prarthana Samaj came in to existence in 1867 under the leadership of - Dr Atmaram Pandurang
41. The head quarters of Indian Theosophical Society - Adayar near Madras
42. Kesab Chandra Sen. established the  - Bharatiya Brahmo Samaj
43. Bubhas Chandra Bose formed the party forward bloc in - 1939
44. Dr Atmaram Pandurang established the ------ in Maharasthra - Prarthana Samaj
45. The Bolshevik Party of India was established by - N Dutt Mazumdar
46. Prarthana Samaj was established in the year - 1867
47. The revolutionary communist party was launched by - Surendranath Tagore
48. A Gift to Monotheists a famous book written by - Raja Ram Mohan Roy
49. The Radical Democratic Party organised in 1940 by - M N Roy
50. The leader of Young Bengal Movement was - Henry Vivian Derozio
51. In which session of the all India congress committee passed on 8th  August 1942, the historic Quit India resolution - Bombay session
52. Who was dedicated  his life for the upliftment of Indian women and also protested against polygamy and child marriages in Bengal - Eshwar Chandra Vidyasagar
53. RIN mutiny (Royal Indian Navy ) was broke out in the year - 1946
54. Who was published a monthly journal Indian sociologist - Shyamji Krishna Varma
55. In March 1946, the British government sent a ----- mission to India to negotiate with Indian leaders the terms of transfer of power - Cabinet Mission
56. In 1905 shyamji Krishna Varma set up the Indian Home Rule society at ----- - London
57. Who gave the new idea of the Hindu society - Swami Vivekananda
58. The Indian home rule society was set up in London, it was popularly known as - India House
59. Swami Vivekananda attended the parliament of religions at - Chicago
60. Permanent settlement system of Bengal was in the year - 1793
61. Who was the founder of Arya Samaj - Swamy Dayananda Sarswati
62. The subsidiary alliance system was used by - Lord Wellesley
63. The Bible of Arya Samaj Sathyarth Parkas was written by - Swami Dayananda Sarswati
64. Who take necessary steps and declared the practice of sati illegal - William Bentick
65. Swami Vivekananda established Ramakrishna Mission in  ----- - 1896
66. Who was appointed to review the progress of education in  India - Hunter Commission
67. ------ written by Bankim Chandra Chatterjee contained the hymn Bande Mataram - Ananda Math
68. The saddler university commission appointed in the year -1917
69. In 1937 Mahatma Gandhi proposed a scheme of education called - Basic education or Wardha scheme
70. Sivasamudra is an island formed by the river  - Cauvery
71. Who was popularly known as the Socrates of Maharashtra - Gopala Krishna Ghokhale
72. Who was the first Sufi saint in India ? - Kwaja Moinuddin Chishti
73. In 1905 Gopal Krishna Ghokhale established an organisation called - Servants of India Society
74. In Faizabad, the revolt of 1857 was led by - Ahmadullah
75. The childhood name of Ramakrishna Paramhamsa was  - Gadhadhar Chathopadhyaya
76. Who was the person first to use the word Swarajya - Bala Gangadara Tilak
77. Maulana Abul Kalam Azad started an Urdu weekly - Al-Hilal
78. The childhood name of Swami Vivekananda was - Narendra Nath
79. Who was the first Muslim president of Indian National Congress - Badrudin Theyabji
80. The Theosophical Society was first established by ------ in USA in 1875 - Madam HP Blavatsky and Colonel HS Olkott
81. Who was the author of a great Romantic play named Kadambari - Banabatta
82. Mohammadan Educational conference, which served as a common platform for meeting and spreading western education among the Muslims - Sir Syed Ahmed Khan
83. Who was the only Indian to be elected as a president of the United Nations General Assembly - Vijayalakshmi Pandit
84. The first principal of Anglo Oriental college at Aligarh was - Theodore Back
85. Which religion reformer of western India was known as Lokhitawadi - Gopla Hari Desmukh
86. Who was the viceroy of India at the time of the formation of Indian National Congress - Lord Dufferin
87. In 1893 ------ founded the Mohammmaden Anglo Oriental Defense Association - Sir Syed Ahmed Khan
88. The East India Association founded by Dhadabai Naoroji in the year - 1866
89. Jyothiba Phule organised the ------ in 1873  which aimed to safeguard lower castes from the hypocrisy of Brahmins - Satya Shodak Samaj
90. The all India depressed classes federation was started by - Dr Ambedkar
91. The Lahore session of the Indian National Congress held in the year ------- were in a resolution was adopted to gain complete independence from the British - 1929
92. For the upliftment of the backward classes -------- founded the Harijan Sevak Samaj - Mahatam Gandhi
93. Harijan Sevak Samaj was founded in the year -1932
94. Which rock edict of Asoka provided a description of the horror of Kalinga war - 13th rock edict
95. Peshwa, who was popularly known as Nasa Saheb - Balaji Baji Rao
96. The first cotton mill in India was erected in ------- - 1818
97. When Baber invaded India, who was the ruler of Vijayanagara in south India - Krishna Deva Raya 
98. The first jute mill was started by English man George Aeland in 1855, on the banks of - Hooghly
99. The partition of Bengal was made effective from - 1905
100. The battle of Wandi wash was fought between - British and French
101. The Lucknow session of the Congress is memorable for it marked the reunion - Moderate and Extremist parties
102. Who was the founder of the city of Agra - Sikander Lodi
103. What was the name of the party formed by Subhash Chandra Bose after leaving congress - Forward Bloc
104. Who attended the Congress of Depressed Nationalists at Brussels in 1972, on behalf of the National Congress - Jawaharlal Nehru
105. The Allahabad Pillar inscription describes the achievements of - Samudra Gupta
106. Who was the first sovereign sultan of Delhi - Qutab Din Aibak

GENERAL SCIENCE

CHEMISTRY

1. which element group is the most reactive of all the metallic elements ? - Alkali metals
2. Aquaregia is a  mixture of: - HCI and HNO3
3. Ozone hole is mainly formed due to: - CFC and other polluntants
4. The most abundant metal in the earth's crust is: - Al
5. The alloy of aluminium used for making magnets is: - Alnico
6. The chemical name of Aspirin is: - Acetyl Salicylic Acid
7. Backing soda is: Sodium Bicarbonate
8. What was the firs organic compound discovered ? - Urea
9. The main component of liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) is: - Butane
10. The gas used in the manufacture of Vanaspati ghee from vanaspati oil is: - Hydrogen

PHYSICS

1. The unit of power is ? - Watt
2. The accumulation of stress along the boundaries of lithospheric plates results of the following ? - Earth Quake
3. The lens used to correct Astigmtism - Cylindrical lens
4. Super conductivity is a material property associated with: - a loss of electrical resistance
5. The physical phenomenon behind rainbow is: - Dispersion
6. Earth's seasons are caused by which of the following ? - The tilt of the earth's rotation relative to the ecliptic as earth revolves around the sun
7. The S.I unit of gravity is - m/s2
8. Escape velocity of earth is - 11.2 km/s
9. A passenger sitting inside a bus tend to fall backwards when it starts suddenly. This is due to - Inertia
10. Dimension of Momentum - MLT-1

BIOLOGY

1. The metal ion present in chlorophy II ? - Magnesium
2. Pollination by birds is called - Ornithophily
3. The acid present in apple is - Malic acid
4. The chemical name of Vitamin C is - Ascorbic Acid
5. Blood cells which help in the transportation of Oxygen  are - RBC Red Blood Corpuscles
6. Release of milk from mother's breast is mediated through  - Oxytocin
7. Who is considered as the ' father of Vaccination' ? - Dr. Edward Jenner
8. The instrument by which blood pressure of man is determined ? - Sphygmomanometer
9. Total number of bones in human body - 206

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GENERAL SCIENCE

1. What is known as Rolling planet or lying planet ? - Uranus
2. Which one of the vitamins is essential for the synthesis of DNA ? - Folic Acid
3. The study of inflorescence, flowers, fruits and seeds is known is ------ ? - Vegetative Morphology
4. The natural element having highest atomic weight is ------ ? - Uranium
5. Blood alcohol is known as ------- - Methanol
6. Image formed by convex lens is ------ - Real and Inverted
7. Study about tissues are known as ----- - Histology
8. Which is the first artificial element made by Scientists ? - Technitium
9. The term genetics was first used by  ? - W. Bateson
10. The SI unit for radioactivity is --------- - Becquerel
11. National Deaf Day is observed on -------- - September 26
12. -------- is known as the blood bank of human body ? - Spleen
13. Who built the first modern motor car ? - Daimler
14. Name a metal which cannot be penetrated by X rays ? - Lead
15. 'Pearl Ash' is known as ------- - Potassium Carbonate
16. Skating on ice due to the phenomenon of ------ - Regelation
17. Who suggested the absolute scale of temperature ? - Lord Kelvin
18. Fluids flow which zero viscosity is called ------ ? - Super Fluids
19. 'Smelling salt' is known as ------- - Ammonium Carbonate
20. The second most chemically active element ------ ? - Chlorine
21. Name the scientific name of the Asian elephant ? - Elephas Maximus
22. Jovian planet is known as ------ ? - Jupiter
23. The firs electrical battery developed by --------- ? - Alessandro Volta
24. In which country fluorosis is first reported ------ ? India (Nellore 1938)
25. Which instrument is used to study the sound of music ? - Sonometer
26. Keratoplasty means the transplantation of ------ ?- Cornea
27. 'Ferromagnetism' discovery by ------- ? -Luis Neel
28. Which is known as 'Ehanoic Acid' ? - Acetic Acid
29. Avenasativa is the scientific name of  ------------ ? - Oats
30. Biggest solar energy plan in India  ? - Madhapuri in Gujarat
31. What is Salvolatile ?- Ammonium Carbonate
32. Which of the Carbohydrates is used in Silvering of Mirror ? - Cellulose
33. Electro negativity was discovered by ------- ?- Linus Pauling
34. Expand SCID ? - Severe Combined Immuno Deficiency
35. ------ force helps to separate the cream from milk - Centrifugal force
36. ------ is the largest part of human brain - Cerebrum
37. Dendrochronology is the study of -------- - Age of a tree with the help of annual rings
38. The liquid non metal at room temperature ---------- - Bromine
39. Electric Charge was first observed in a substance called - Amber
40. The chemical name of heavy water ----------- - Deuterium Oxide (D2O)
41. Scattering of light by particle in colloidal solution is called ----- ? - Tyndall effect
42. The dual nature of electron was proposed by --------- - Luis De Broglie
43. The Average length of Femur -------- - 50 cm
44. Father of e-mail ------- - Ray Tomlinson
45. The Vaccine given to new born baby is --------- - BCG
46. The Urine expelled by a normal adult man is -------- - About 1.2 liter per day
47. The basic unit of Nervous System is ------------ -  Neuron
48. Silver fish is ------- - An Insect
49. Blind spot on the retina contains ------ Rods and Cones
50. The water contains of human body is --------  - 60%